Current Affairs 2025

PM Modi conferred Trinidad and Tobago’s highest honour [04 Jul 2025]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Friday was conferred with ‘The Order of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago’—the nation’s highest civilian honour. The award was presented by Her Excellency Christine Carla Kangaloo, President of the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago.PM Modi is the first foreign leader to receive this prestigious recognition. He was honoured for his statesmanship, his strong advocacy for the Global South, and for significantly strengthening the bilateral relationship between India and Trinidad and Tobago.

Sub Lieutenant Aastha Poonia becomes Indian Navy’s first woman fighter pilot [04 Jul 2025]

Sub Lieutenant Aastha Poonia became the first woman fighter pilot of the Indian Navy. She was awarded the prestigious ‘Wings of Gold’ alongside Lieutenant Atul Kumar Dhull during the graduation ceremony of the Second Basic Hawk Conversion Course held at INS Dega, Visakhapatnam. The ceremony was presided over by Rear Admiral Janak Bevli, Assistant Chief of Naval Staff (Air), who conferred the honours. The Indian Navy described the milestone as “A new chapter in Naval aviation,” celebrating Poonia’s entry into the elite Fighter stream - a domain previously dominated by men.

President Murmu unveils Durand Cup trophies [04 Jul 2025]

President Droupadi Murmu unveiled the trophies of the Durand Cup Tournament 2025 at a ceremony held at the Rashtrapati Bhavan Cultural Centre. The 2025 edition of the Durand Cup will be held from July 23 to August 23 across six venues in West Bengal, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, and Jharkhand. Organised by the Eastern Command of the Indian Army on behalf of the three Services, the tournament features matchups between Services teams and some of India’s top football clubs. In recent editions, the Durand Cup has also witnessed international participation, with Army teams from neighbouring countries joining the competition.

Lt Gen Dinesh Singh Rana takes over as Commander-in-Chief of Andaman & Nicobar Command [01 Jun 2025]

Lt Gen Dinesh Singh Rana assumed charge as the 18th Commander-in-Chief of the Andaman & Nicobar Command (CINCAN). The Andaman and Nicobar Command (ANC), based at Sri Vijaya Puram, is India’s first and only joint services operational command, integrating the Army, Navy, Air Force and Coast Guard to safeguard national interests in the strategically vital Indian Ocean Region.

India Emerges the Largest Producer of Rice in the World [30 May 2025]

India has emerged as the world's largest producer of rice, with its output in the 2024-25 season to June estimated at over 149 million tonnes (mt), relegating China to second position.According to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) data, China's rice production is estimated to be 144-62 mt in 2024-25. The agency projected production in 2025-26 to be 148 mt in India and 145-28 mt in China.

Indian Achieves Breakthrough in Gene Therapy for Haemophilia [28 May 2025]

India has achieved a significant breakthrough in the medical field by successfully conducting the trial of the first in-human gene therapy for treating severe Haemophilia A. The trial was led by BRIC-inStem in collaboration with CMC Vellore. The 'GENOMEINDIA', funded by the Department of Biotechnology, has completed whole genome sequencing (WGS) database of over 10,000 individuals representing all major population groups, across the country.

Jitendra Singh launches indigenous Bharat Forecast System with 6-km resolution [27 May 2025]

Union Minister of Earth Sciences Dr. Jitendra Singh launched the Bharat Forecast System — one of the world’s first indigenously developed high-resolution weather forecast models — at a ceremony held at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi. Developed by the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM), Pune, the Bharat Forecast System marks a significant technological milestone, enhancing India’s weather prediction resolution from 12 km to 6 km. With this, India can now provide more accurate, village-level weather forecasts, bolstering preparedness across sectors including agriculture, disaster management, and transport.

India Celebrates Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics Awarded to Large Hadron Collider Experiments [26 May 2025]

The 2025 Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics is awarded to co-authors of publications based on CERN’s Large Hadron Collider Run-2 data released between 2015 and July 15, 2024, at the experimental collaborations ATLAS, CMS, ALICE and LHCb. The $3 million prize is allocated to these four experiments at CERN and will be used by the collaborations to offer grants for doctoral students from member institutes to spend research time at CERN, giving the students experience working at the forefront of science and new expertise to bring back to their home countries and regions. 5,345 researchers were involved in ATLAS; while 4,550 researchers in CMS; 1,869 researchers in ALICE; and 1,744 researchers were involved in LHCb.

Indian scientists and researchers have played a significant role in the international collaboration for the ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) and the CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) experiments. Several Indian institutes, universities, and scientists have contributed both intellectually and technically to the experiment’s success. From detector development to data analysis, various teams of Indian researchers have been actively involved at every stage of the experiments, right from their inception. These contributions underscore India's commitment to global scientific collaboration and its pivotal role in the success of the LHC experiments.

This prestigious award honours the collaborative and transformative research efforts that deepened our understanding of the Higgs boson, the quark-gluon plasma, matter-antimatter asymmetry, and physics beyond the Standard Model. Scientific teams belonging to several institutes from across the world have been working in a collaborative manner to achieve the objectives of the CERN experiments. India, a committed and active partner in the LHC program, proudly acknowledges this international recognition and celebrates its significant contributions to the experiments and the LHC infrastructure.

India overtakes Japan to become world’s 4th largest economy [25 May 2025]

India has overtaken Japan to become the world’s fourth-largest economy and is now poised to surpass Germany to claim the third position within the next 2.5 to 3 years, according to NITI Aayog CEO B.V.R. Subrahmanyam. The International Monetary Fund (IMF), in its World Economic Outlook report released earlier this month, stated that India is set to become the fourth-largest economy in 2025. India’s nominal GDP is projected to rise to $4,187.017 billion, surpassing Japan’s estimated $4,186.431 billion. India continues to be the world’s fastest-growing major economy and is the only country expected to record over 6% growth over the next two years.

Madhya Pradesh Becomes the First State to Launch Al-based Forest Monitoring System [25 May 2025]

Madhya Pradesh has become the first state to implement an AI-based real-time alert system on a pilot basis for monitoring encroachment and deforestation in the forest. The AI-based monitoring system will enable an active forest management system based on satellite images, mobile feedback, and machine learning. It will enable the forest department to detect land encroachment, land use change, and forest degradation.

Bhutan is the first country in the world to launch nationwide cryptocurrency payment system for tourists [22 May 2025]

Bhutan has launched the world's first nationwide cryptocurrency payment system for tourists, enabling travellers to settle costs in over 100 supported cryptocurrencies through QR code payments. The new system is a partnership between the Bhutanese government, crypto giant Binance and Bhutan's DK Bank - the country's first fully digital financial institution. It enables users to pay for everything from flights and hotel rooms to market stalls using digital assets.

International Booker Prize 2025 [20 May 2025]

Heart Lamp by Banu Mushtaq, translated from Kannada by Deepa Bhasthi, was announced as the 2025 winner of the International Booker Prize by Max Porter, Chair of the 2025 judges, at a ceremony at London's Tate Modern. Written between 1990 and 2023, Heart Lamp's 12 stories chronicle the lives of women and girls in patriarchal communities in southern India. Originally published in the Kannada language between 1990 and 2023, Banu Mushtaq's por¬traits of family and community tensions testify to her years tirelessly championing women's rights and protesting all forms of caste and religious oppression. Banu Mushtaq is a writer, women's rights activist, and lawyer from Karnataka. She began writing within the progressive protest literary circles in southwestern India in the 1970s and 1980s. Critical of the caste and class system, the Bandaya Sahitya movement gave rise to influential Dalit and Muslim writers, of whom Mushtaq was one of the few women. She was inspired to write the stories by the experiences of women who came to her seeking help. She is the second Indian author to win the International Booker Prize after Geetanjali Shree in 2022. She has also been awarded the Karnataka Sahitya Academy and the Daana Chintamani Attimabbe awards. Deepa Bhasthi is a writer and literary translator based in Kodagu, Karnataka. She is the first Indian translator to win the International Booker.

Mizoram Achieves Full Functional Literacy [20 May 2025]

Hon’ble Chief Minister of Mizoram, Shri Lalduhoma, officially declared Mizoram a fully literate state, marking a historic milestone in the state’s educational journey. With this achievement, Mizoram becomes the first state in India to attain full literacy. The announcement was made during a special function held in Aizawl, the state capital, in the esteemed presence of Shri Jayant Chaudhary, Hon’ble Minister of State (Independent Charge), Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship and Minister of State for Education, Government of India, Dr. Vanlalthlana, Hon’ble Minister of School Education, Higher & Technical Education, Mizoram, Shri Khilli Ram Meena, IAS, Chief Secretary to the Government of Mizoram, Shri David Lalthantluanga, Special Secretary, School Education Department, Government of Mizoram, State dignitaries, officials, and students of Mizoram University. Mizoram, which attained statehood on 20th February 1987, spans a geographical area of 21,081 km² (8,139 sq mi). As per the 2011 Census, it recorded a literacy rate of 91.33%, ranking third in India. Building on this strong foundation, the ULLAS – Nav Bharat Saaksharta Karyakram (New India Literacy Programme) was implemented to identify and educate the remaining non-literate individuals.

India Wins 7th SAFF U-19 Championship Title [18 May 2025]

The Indian men's football team won the SAFF U-19 Championship 2025 title after defeating Bangladesh 4-3 on penalties at the Golden Jubilee Stadium in Yupia, Arunachal Pradesh, on 18th May, 2025.

Brazil Declared Host of 2027 FIFA Women's World Cup [16 May 2025]

Brazil was declared the host of the 2027 Women's World Cup at the FIFA Congress. Beating the joint bid of Belgium, Netherlands, and Germany to become the first South American country to hold the tournament. Eight host cities of the 2027 FIFA Women's World Cup are: Belo Horizonte (Estadio Mineirao), Brasilia (Estadio Nacional), Fortaleza (Arena Castelao), Porto Alegre (Estadio Beira-Rio), Recife (Arena de Pernambuco), Rio de Janeiro (Estadio do Maracana), Salvador (Arena Fonte Nova) and Sao Paulo (Arena Itaquera).

Neeraj Chopra Breaks 90 m Barrier in Javelin with 90.23 m Throw at Doha Diamond League 2025 [16 May 2025]

Neeraj Chopra finished second in the men's javelin throw competition at the Doha Diamond League 2025 and managed to breach the 90 meter mark. Despite a record-breaking 90.23 meter throw, Neeraj had to settle behind Germany's Julian Weber, who start¬led everyone with a final throw of 91.06 meters.

Barcelona claim 28th LaLiga title after 2-0 win at Espanyol [16 May 2025]

Barcelona secured their 28th LaLiga title after they beat city rivals Espanyol 2-0, securing an unassailable seven-point lead over second-placed Real Madrid with two games left to play.

Neeraj Chopra conferred honorary rank of Lt Colonel [15 May 2025]

India’s star athlete Neeraj Chopra has been conferred the honorary rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Territorial Army. The double Olympic medallist’s appointment, published in The Gazette of India, came into effect on April 16.

Chopra, who made history by becoming India’s first Olympic gold medallist in track and field at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics, cemented his legacy with a silver medal at the 2024 Paris Games. With two Olympic medals, he is now India’s most successful individual Olympian. He was earlier enrolled as a Junior Commissioned Officer in the rank of Naib Subedar in the Indian Army on 26 August 2016. He was promoted to Subedar in 2021 following his heroics in Tokyo.

Chopra has joined a distinguished list of Indian Olympians who have been honoured with military titles. Abhinav Bindra, the nation’s first individual gold medallist from the 2008 Beijing Olympics, was conferred the rank of Lieutenant Colonel, while shooter Vijay Kumar was made an honorary Captain following his silver medal win in 2012.

DRDO develops high-pressure polymeric membrane for sea water desalination [15 May 2025]

Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully developed an indigenous nanoporous multilayered polymeric membrane for high-pressure sea water desalination. Defence Materials Stores and Research & Development Establishment (DMSRDE), the Kanpur-based laboratory of DRDO, has developed the technology for desalination plant in Indian Coast Guard (ICG) ships, based on their operational requirement to address the serious challenge of stability when exposed to chloride ions in saline water. The development has been completed in a record time of eight months. DMSRDE, along with ICG, successfully carried out initial technical trials in the existing desalination plant of Offshore Patrolling Vessel (OPV) of ICG. The initial safety and performance trials of the polymeric membranes were found to be fully satisfactory. The final operational clearance will be given by ICG after 500 hrs of operational testing. Presently, the unit is under testing and trials on OPV. This membrane will be a boon for desalination of sea water in coastal areas after certain modifications. It is another step by DMSRDE in the journey of Aatmanirbhar Bharat.

Dr. Ajay Kumar Assumes Charge as Chairman, Union Public Service Commission [15 May 2025]

Dr. Ajay Kumar, Former Secretary, Ministry of Defence took the Oath of Office and Secrecy as Chairman, Union Public Service Commission today. The Oath was administered by Lt. Gen. Raj Shukla (Retd.), the senior most Member of the Commission. Having pursued a B.Tech. in Electrical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Dr. Ajay Kumar has done his M.S. in Applied Economics from the University of Minnesota, USA and Ph.D in Business Administration from Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, USA. He was also conferred an Hon. Doctor of Philosophy by Amity University in 2019. Dr. Ajay Kumar belongs to the 1985 batch of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) of Kerala Cadre. During his illustrious career of more than thirty five years, he has served in key positions in the State Government of Kerala as well as in the Centre. Some of his important assignments in the State were Managing Director, Electronics and Information Technology Department; Principal Secretary, Information Technology Department. At the Centre he held the significant portfolios of Director, Science & Technology; Joint Secretary, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology; Director General, National Informatics Centre; Additional Secretary, Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology; Secretary, Defence Production. In his last assignment, he served as Secretary, Ministry of Defence.

India Ranks Among Top Six Patent Filling Nations in 6G Technology [15 May 2025]

India is among the top six countries in terms of filing patents for 6G technologies, as stated by the Union Minister of State for Communications Chandra Sekhar Pemmasani at the Bharat 6G International Conference on May 15, 2025.

Bharat's 6G Vision aims to position India as a global 6G leader by 2030 through the Bharat 6G Alliance, 111+ funded research projects worth over 300 crore, global partnerships with Japan, Singapore, and Finland, and breakthroughs in terahertz communication and Al-native networks.

6G will enable speeds in terabits per second, enabling sub-millisecond latency, intelligent self-healing networks, and volumetric connectivity from underwater to aerospace.

 Indian government seeks to pull ahead in developing standards for the next generation of telecom technology, after a rapid deployment of 5G base stations by telecom operators in India over the last couple of years.

Surya Kant Appointed as the NALSA Executive Chairman [14 May 2025]

President Droupadi Murmu nominated Supreme Court Judge Justice Surya Kant as the Executive Chair-man of the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA). He will spearhead the NALSA's effort to ensure accessible and free legal aid for all citizens, especially from marginalized and economically dis-advantaged section. Justice Surya Kant has played a significant role in advancing access to justice and has been a strong proponent of legal aid and institutional reforms in the justice delivery system.

Cabinet approves semiconductor unit in Uttar Pradesh [14 May 2025]

The Union Cabinet, chaired by the Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, approved the establishment of one more semiconductor unit under the India Semiconductor Mission. Already, five semiconductor units are in advanced stages of construction. With this sixth unit, Bharat moves forward in its journey to develop the strategically vital semiconductor industry. The unit approved today is a joint venture of HCL and Foxconn. HCL has a long history of developing and manufacturing hardware. Foxconn is a major global electronics manufacturing company. Together, they will set up a plant near Jewar airport in the Yamuna Expressway Industrial Development Authority or YEIDA. This plant will manufacture display driver chips for mobile phones, laptops, automobiles, PCs, and the myriad of other devices that have a display. The plant is designed for 20,000 wafers per month. The design output capacity is 36 million units per month. The semiconductor industry is now shaping up across the country. World-class design facilities have come up in many states across the country. State governments are vigorously pursuing the design firms. Students and entrepreneurs in 270 academic institutions and 70 startups are working on world-class class latest design technologies for developing new products. 20 products developed by the students of these academic students have been taped out by SCL Mohali. The new semiconductor unit approved today will attract investment of Rs 3,700 crore.

Shri Justice Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai was sworn in as 52nd Chief Justice of India. [14 May 2025]

Shri Justice Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai was sworn in as the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India. He made and subscribed to the oath of office before the President.Born on November 24, 1960, Justice Gavai entered the legal profession in 1985 and began independent practice at the Bombay High Court in 1987, later moving to its Nagpur Bench. He was appointed a judge of the Bombay High Court in November 2003 and elevated to the Supreme Court in May 2019.

Anita Anand appointed Canada’s Foreign Minister [14 May 2025]

Canada’s Prime Minister Mark Carney has appointed Anita Ananda to the powerful post of Foreign Minister in his new cabinet charged with fulfilling the “mandate for change”. He also appointed Maninder Sidhu as the international trade minister, and two others of Indian descent as secretaries of state – the equivalent of ministers of state.

Brazilian researcher who helped country’s grain boom wins World Food Prize [14 May 2025]

Brazilian microbiologist Mariangela Hungria, whose research has helped farmers in the country sharply boost grain production, has been named the 2025 World Food Prize Laureate, the Iowa-based foundation organizing the prize. Hungria has been a researcher for more than 40 years at Brazil’s state-run agricultural center Embrapa, where she works on seeds and soil treatments that enable plants to source nutrients through soil bacteria, a particularly important development for soybean crops. Her work helped Brazil increase soybean production from around 15 million metric tons in the 1980s to more than 170 million tons today, making the country the world’s largest producer and exporter of the commodity.

World's first commercial scale e-Methanol Plant was inaugurated in Denmark [13 May 2025]

The World's first commercial-scale e-Methanol plant was inaugurated in Aabenraa, Denmark. Named the Kasso e-methanol facility, it is also Europe's second-largest green hydrogen project. It has an annual production capacity of 42,000 tonnes of e-methanol and is developed by European Energy (51%) and operated in collaboration with Mitsui & Co. (49%). The plant combines green hydrogen with biogenic CO2 captured from the Biogas facility to produce 42,000 tonnes of e-methanol with a 97% lower carbon footprint than methanol derived from fossil fuels.

Mariangela Hungria has been awarded the World Food Prize 2025 [13 May 2025]

Mariangela Hungria, a micro-biologist from Brazil's Sao Paulo, was awarded the World Food Prize 2025 by the World Food Prize Foundation on May 13, 2025. Over a forty years career with the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa), Hungaria developed dozens of biological treatments that resulted in boosting agricultural productivity of crops such as wheat, maize, rice, beans and soyabeans through better nutrients absorption from soil bacteria. Soyabean is now top agricultural export of Brazil.

Alok Joshi Appointed as the Chairman of the National Security Advisory Board [12 May 2025]

Shri Alok Joshi, former chief of the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW) and former 1976 batch IPS officer of Haryana cadre, was appointed as the Chairman of the revamped National Security Advisory Board (NSAB). In the aftermath of the Pahalgam terror attack on 22nd April, 2025, the Union Government reconstituted the National Security Advisory Board (NSAB) comprising seven members, including senior retired officials from the armed forces, Indian Police Service (IPS), and Indian Foreign Service (IFS). All aspects of national security are deliberated upon by the National Security Council (NSC), the apex body, headed by the Prime Minister. The Ministers of Home Affairs, Defence, External Affairs, and Finance are its members. The National Security Adviser is its Secretary. The three-tier structure of the NSC comprises the Strategic Policy Group (SPG), the National Security Advisory Board (NSAB), and the National Security Council Secretariat. The Strategic Policy Group (SPG) is chaired by the Cabinet Secretary, is the principal forum for inter-ministerial coordination and integration of the relevant inputs. The NSAB undertakes long-term analysis and provides perspectives on issues of national security.

Pope Leo XIV Becomes the First Pope from USA [08 May 2025]

Robert Francis Prevost, the 69 year old pontiff took the papal name Leo XIV, becoming the first American to ascend to the highest position in the Catholic Church. On May 8, 2025, he officially became the successor of Pope Francis, who had passed away on 21st April, 2025.

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