Nation at a Glance - Saint Lucia

History

The island, with its fine natural harbor at Castries, was contested between England and France throughout the 17th and early 18th centuries (changing possession 14 times); it was finally ceded to the UK in 1814. Even after the abolition of slavery on its plantations in 1834, Saint Lucia remained an agricultural island, dedicated to producing tropical commodity crops. Self-government was granted in 1967 and independence in 1979.

Location: Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago

Border Countries: 0 km

Total Area: 616 sq km Land: 606 sq km Water: 10 sq km

Climate: Tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season January to April, rainy season May to August

Terrain: Volcanic and mountainous with broad, fertile valleys

Natural resources: Forests, sandy beaches, minerals (pumice), mineral springs, geothermal potential

Land use: Agricultural land: 17.4% arable land 4.9%; permanent crops 11.5%; permanent pasture 1% Forest: 77% Other: 5.6% (2011 est.)

Ethnic groups: Black/African descent 85.3%, Mixed 10.9%, East Indian 2.2%, Other 1.6%, Unspecified 0.1% (2010 est.)

Languages: English (official), French patois

Religions: Roman Catholic 61.5%, Protestant 25.5% (includes Seventh Day Adventist 10.4%, Pentecostal 8.9%, Baptist 2.2%, Anglican 1.6%, Church of God 1.5%, other Protestant 0.9%), other Christian 3.4% (includes Evangelical 2.3% and Jehovah's Witness 1.1%), Rastafarian 1.9%, Other 0.4%, None 5.9%, Unspecified 1.4% (2010 est.)

Population: 164,464 (July 2016 est.)

Administrative divisions: 10 districts; Anse-la-Raye, Canaries, Castries, Choiseul, Dennery, Gros-Islet, Laborie, Micoud, Soufriere, Vieux-Fort

Economy: The island nation has been able to attract foreign business and investment, especially in its offshore banking and tourism industries. Tourism is Saint Lucia's main source of jobs and income - accounting for 65% of GDP - and the island's main source of foreign exchange earnings. The manufacturing sector is the most diverse in the Eastern Caribbean area. Crops such as bananas, mangos, and avocados continue to be grown for export, but St. Lucia's once solid banana industry has been devastated by strong competition.Saint Lucia is vulnerable to a variety of external shocks, including volatile tourism receipts, natural disasters, and dependence on foreign oil. Furthermore, high public debt - 77% of GDP in 2012 - and high debt servicing obligations constrain the ANTHONY administration's ability to respond to adverse external shocks.St. Lucia has experienced anemic growth since the onset of the global financial crisis in 2008, largely because of a slowdown in tourism - airlines cut back on their routes to St. Lucia in 2012. Also, St. Lucia introduced a value added tax in 2012 of 15%, becoming the last country in the Eastern Caribbean to do so. In 2013, the government introduced a National Competitiveness and Productivity Council to address St. Lucia's high public wages and lack of productivity.

Agriculture - products: Bananas, coconuts, vegetables, citrus, root crops, cocoa

Industries: Tourism; clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, lime processing, coconut processing